SIDE-BY-SIDE EVIDENCE

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Select 2–3 profiles from the English Library. Class and grade describe evidence and regulatory context, not comparative effectiveness or suitability for an individual.

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SIDE-BY-SIDE EVIDENCE VIEW

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Evidence comparison · not a treatment ranking

Evidence boundaries, not cross-trial treatment outcomes
Molecule	2,4-Dinitrophenol / DNP	AICAR (Acadesine)	Cardarine / GW501516
Research Topic	Clinical / Endocrine Pharmacology	Mitochondrial / Metabolic Research	Clinical / Endocrine Pharmacology
Pharmacology	Toxic industrial chemical; mitochondrial uncoupler	Investigational purine nucleoside analogue / adenosine-regulating agent; not a peptide	Experimental PPAR-beta/delta agonist; not a SARM
PrimeCore Class	Class DPrescription / controlled / high-risk	Class BInvestigational	Class BInvestigational
Evidence Grade	Grade BStrong controlled human evidence	Grade BStrong controlled human evidence	Grade BStrong controlled human evidence
Evidence boundary	2,4-Dinitrophenol / DNP is classified here as Toxic industrial chemical; mitochondrial uncoupler. Historical weight-loss use produced severe toxicity; hazard reports do not establish a therapeutic window. FDA states DNP has never been approved for human consumption; it must not be presented as a medicine or supplement. A catalogue name does not establish identity, formulation, quality or authorisation, and this page provides no dosage, mixing, injection or purchasing instructions.	A nucleoside analogue and AMPK-related research compound, not a peptide; clinical and anti-doping contexts must be separated.	Cardarine, GW501516 and GW1516 identify an experimental PPAR-beta/delta agonist, not a SARM or anabolic steroid. Short controlled human studies reported lipid-biomarker changes but did not establish cardiovascular-event reduction, fat loss, endurance benefit or long-term safety. Animal studies report tumour-promoting signals in susceptible models; these do not quantify human incidence but preclude a proven-safety claim. WADA 2026 prohibits GW501516 at all times as a metabolic modulator.
Unknowns	Insufficient data in the current dataset	long-term safety outside short perioperative research settings human risk-benefit for weight, metabolic or performance claims effects of repeated exposure on purine, glucose and lipid metabolism comparability of research-grade AICAR, acadesine formulations and online products current product-specific marketing-authorisation status in Thailand, the EU and UK current US compounding-list status under a substance-specific FDA review	Insufficient data in the current dataset
Limitations	2,4-Dinitrophenol / DNP molecule or active moiety ≠ ester/salt ≠ formulation ≠ brand ≠ supplier product; biological plausibility or historical use ≠ current approval ≠ safe performance use	Strong controlled human evidence exists only in a narrow CABG setting and culminated in a negative confirmatory trial. Older meta-analytic and post-hoc signals must be interpreted in light of RED-CABG. Popular performance claims are based mainly on mouse work. Mechanistic studies also show that AICAR is not selective for AMPK, limiting simple pathway-based conclusions.	PPAR-delta agonist ≠ SARM; lipid biomarker change ≠ cardiovascular benefit; mouse tumour signal ≠ quantified human incidence but cannot be dismissed as proof of safety
Sources	FDA/DOJ · DNP toxicity and unapproved human use FDA · Unapproved drugs and patient harm	https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/53ief47846 https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/opdlisting/oopd/detailedIndex.cfm?cfgridkey=203105 https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/opdlisting/oopd/detailedIndex.cfm?cfgridkey=341011 https://www.fda.gov/media/94155/download https://www.fda.gov/media/94164/download https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00872001 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7818622/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7574044/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9002496/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22782417/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7744080/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18674809/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27103440/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34064363/ https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/2025-09/2026list_en_final_clean_september_2025.pdf https://products.mhra.gov.uk/ https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/download-medicine-data https://pertento.fda.moph.go.th/FDA_SEARCH_DRUG/SEARCH_DRUG/FRM_SEARCH_DRUG.aspx	First human metabolic study · PMID 17110604 Internet products marketed as SARMs · PMID 29183075 WADA · 2026 Prohibited List Low-HDL metabolic study · PMID 22814748 PPAR-delta mammary-neoplasia model · PMID 23811944
Read more	Read English overview Complete evidence profile (Thai)	Read English overview Complete evidence profile (Thai)	Read English overview Complete evidence profile (Thai)

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Missing fields mean information is unavailable in the current structured dataset, not that a molecule has no risks or uncertainties. English translations retain the original evidence boundaries. Where translation is not yet verified, the original Thai excerpts remain available under an explicit label. Sources retain their original language.

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