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Evidence boundaries, not cross-trial treatment outcomes
Molecule	AHK-Cu	GHK-Cu	SNAP-8 (Acetyl Octapeptide-3)
Research Topic	Tissue / Repair Research	Tissue / Repair Research	Tissue / Repair Research
Pharmacology	Alanine-histidine-lysine copper complex	Copper(II)-binding tripeptide complex / tissue-remodelling research	Synthetic cosmetic octapeptide; proposed SNARE-related activity, not botulinum toxin
PrimeCore Class	Class CExperimental / limited evidence	Class CExperimental / limited evidence	Class CExperimental / limited evidence
Evidence Grade	Grade EPreclinical evidence	Grade CEarly human evidence	Grade DLimited / observational evidence
Evidence boundary	AHK-Cu is the alanine-histidine-lysine copper complex, not GHK-Cu. A 2007 study found effects in isolated human follicles and cultured cells; the reduction in apoptotic-cell count was not statistically significant. Ex vivo human tissue is not a clinical hair-regrowth trial.	A copper-binding tripeptide with route-specific evidence; topical cosmetic research does not establish injectable systemic benefit.	SNAP-8 is associated with the cosmetic ingredient acetyl octapeptide-3, not Argireline or botulinum toxin. Limited human studies concern multi-ingredient serum and hyaluronic-acid microneedle patches, not isolated SNAP-8. The serum study enrolled 33 women and analysed 31 completers without a concurrent human control; its authors were company employees. Formulation outcomes cannot establish peptide-only efficacy, Botox equivalence or injection safety. Cosmetic notification and INCI/CosIng information do not establish injectable drug approval; exact product status remains unverified.
Unknowns	Insufficient data in the current dataset	clinical benefit and long-term safety of injectable GHK-Cu whether results from an older topical ulcer gel replicate in modern confirmatory trials optimal and safe formulation for each topical indication without extrapolating dose or route clinical relevance of collagen, gene-expression and matrix biomarkers results of Phase 2 NCT07437586, which has no posted results outcome of the planned FDA PCAC review before the end of February 2027; date and location remained unscheduled on 23 August 2026	Insufficient data in the current dataset
Limitations	Human hair follicle outside the body ≠ human treatment trial; AHK-Cu ≠ GHK-Cu	The human literature is small, old or formulation-specific. One controlled ulcer study has a positive abstract but does not report the total sample size there; the post-laser study had only 13 completers and no significant objective benefit. Cosmetic studies often use multiple ingredients and surrogate appearance endpoints. Preclinical mechanisms do not establish clinical outcomes, and topical evidence cannot be transferred to injection or systemic use.	Insufficient data in the current dataset
Sources	Hair-follicle study · PMID 17703734	https://www.fda.gov/media/94155/download https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/pharmacy-compounding-advisory-committee/meeting-pharmacy-compounding-advisory-committee https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/understanding-risks-compounded-drugs https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07437586 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17147644/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16847171/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11121126/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11045606/ https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/sectors/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredient-database/cosing-glossary-ingredients_en https://products.mhra.gov.uk/	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35426243/ https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10084013/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31134751/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18498523/ https://www.lubrizol.com/solutions/products/beauty/detail-pages/snap-8-peptide-solution-c https://www.fda.moph.go.th/news/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%94 https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-products/wrinkle-treatments-and-other-anti-aging-products https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/aesthetic-cosmetic-devices/microneedling-devices https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/sectors/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredient-database_en
Read more	Read English overview Complete evidence profile (Thai)	Read English overview Complete evidence profile (Thai)	Read English overview Complete evidence profile (Thai)

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Missing fields mean information is unavailable in the current structured dataset, not that a molecule has no risks or uncertainties. English translations retain the original evidence boundaries. Where translation is not yet verified, the original Thai excerpts remain available under an explicit label. Sources retain their original language.

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